| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Homosexuality in medieval Europe ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Homosexuality in medieval Europe
In Medieval Europe, attitudes toward homosexuality varied by era and region. Generally, by at least the twelfth century, homosexuality was considered sodomy and was punishable by death. Before the Medieval period early Romans tolerated alternative sexual practices, such as masturbation in males and females and homosexuality. Homosexuality was generally more accepted for males than for females; male elites were able to recruit slaves or hire household boys for their sexual pleasures, while males saw lesbianism as a threat to their manhood or sexual-esteem.〔Brundage,James, Law, Sex, And Christian Society in Medieval Europe, The University of Chicago Press, 1987. Page 27.〕 Despite persecution, records of homosexual relationships during the Medieval period do exist. This persecution reached its height during the Medieval Inquisitions, when the sects of Cathars and Waldensians were accused of fornication and sodomy, alongside accusations of satanism. In 1307, accusations of sodomy and homosexuality were major charges leveled during the Trial of the Knights Templar.〔G. Legman "The Guilt of the Templars" (New York: Basic Books, 1966): 11.〕
== Theology ==
(詳細はPeter Damian, wrote the ''Liber Gomorrhianus'', an extended attack on both homosexuality and masturbation.〔Pierre J. Payer, ''(Book of Gomorrah )'', ( Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1982), p. 29〕 He portrayed homosexuality as a counter-rational force undermining morality, religion, and society itself,〔http://www.luc.edu/publications/medieval/vol11/11ch5.html 〕 and in need of strong suppression lest it spread even and especially among clergy.〔()〕
Hildegard of Bingen, born seven years after the death of St. Peter Damian, reported seeing visions and recorded them in ''Scivias'' (short for ''Scito vias Domini'', "Know the Ways of the Lord"). In Book II Vision Six, she quotes God as condemning same-sex intercourse, including lesbianism; "a woman who takes up devilish ways and plays a male role in coupling with another woman is most vile in My sight, and so is she who subjects herself to such a one in this evil deed".
In the 13th century C.E., the theologian Thomas Aquinas was influential in linking condemnations of homosexuality with the idea of natural law, arguing that "special sins are against nature, as, for instance, those that run counter to the intercourse of male and female natural to animals, and so are peculiarly qualified as unnatural vices."〔Crompton, Louis, ''Homosexuality and Civilization'', Harvard University, 2003. Page 187〕 This view points from the natural to the Divine, because (following Aristotle) he said all people seek happiness; but according to Aquinas, happiness can only finally be attained through the Beatific Vision. Therefore, all sins are also against the natural law. But the natural law of many aspects of life is knowable apart from special revelation by examining the forms and purposes of those aspects. It is in this sense that Aquinas considered homosexuality unnatural, since it involves a kind of partner other than the kind to which the purpose of sexuality points. Indeed, he considered it second only to bestiality as an abuse of sexuality.〔http://www.newadvent.org/summa/315411.htm and http://www.newadvent.org/summa/315412.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Homosexuality in medieval Europe」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|